If you need help planning your diet or determining which foods (and recipes) are safe for you, contact a registered dietitian, allergist, or another medical professional. The team behind spoonacular does not possess any medical qualifications and the information may be found to be incorrect or out of date based on future research. Similarly, our health tips are based on articles we have read from various sources across the web, and are not based on any medical training. Additionally, our nutrition visualizer that suggests that you limit sodium, sugar, etc., and get enough protein, vitamins, and minerals is not intended as medical advice. Again, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. We also attempt to estimate the cost and calculate the nutritional information for the recipes found on our site. If you are still not sure after reading the label, contact the manufacturer. Moreover, it is important that you always read the labels on every product you buy to see if the product could cause an allergic reaction or if it conflicts with your personal or religious beliefs. Always read ingredient lists from the original source (follow the link from the "Instructions" field) in case an ingredient has been incorrectly extracted from the original source or has been labeled incorrectly in any way. but we cannot guarantee that a recipe's ingredients are safe for your diet. We do our best to find recipes suitable for many diets - whether vegetarian, vegan, gluten free, dairy free, etc. Spoonacular is a recipe search engine that sources recipes from across the web. After all, the only person who controls what you put in your mouth is you, right? By using our free meal planner (and the rest of ) you have to agree that you and only you are responsible for anything that happens to you because of something you have read on this site or have bought/cooked/eaten because of this site.
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Read up on how to set up electric nail files, including safety tips. But if you're keen to power up your nail care routine with an e-file, we can't stress enough how important it is to learn, learn, and learn some more. If you're a DIY dip mani newbie, we recommend sticking with manual nail files. The natural nail should only be filed with a light hand and 180-grit file or higher." You never want to use the e-file on the natural nail. This should not happen if it is used correctly. If you use an electric nail file and it starts to cause you pain, stop immediately. Proper use of how to use an electric nail drill and the bits safely is especially important to avoid nail damage. CLEANING BRUSH: For cleaning nail surface and drill bitsĪ friendly reminder from Sine, Licensed Cosmetologist and DipWell's Community Educator: "E-files do require some training, learning safety measures, and practice.SILICONE BIT: For polishing nail surface to make the nail smoother.NEEDLE / THIN NEEDLE BIT: For filing away residual cured gel or cuticles in hard to reach areas, under the nails, sidewalls, and backfills.FLAT-END CYLINDER BIT: For removing shine from surface area and side grooves.MICRO BALL BIT: For safely removing dead skin and making cuticles and nails clean.BALL BIT: For cleaning sidewalls and under the nails and prepping for backfills.SAFETY BIT: For doing surface and infill cuticle work, backfill cutting, and shortening.NIB BIT: For removing hangnails, gently lifting the eponychium-the nail fold at the base of the nail plate-and other delicate cuticle work.FLAME BIT: For creating an apex and cleaning around the cuticle area.CERAMIC BITS: For the same purposes but with less friction and heatīefore you drown yourself in a sea of choices, let's summarize how or when to use each bit in a basic 10-piece set of nail drill bits.DIAMOND BITS: For removing product build-up by scratching off the nail surface.CARBIDE BITS: For cutting or shaping gel and acrylic nails by shaving off layers of the mani.You have choices of carbide bits, diamond bits, ceramic bits, among others. These coated drill tips come in various grits, materials, sizes, and shapes. To do specific jobs, a nail drill would need "bits". Sign upīy subscribing, you acknowledge our Privacy Policy.Īn electric nail drill or e-file is an electric-powered rotary tool used for filing nails or removing nail enhancements. The ceramic bit also has flute-like cuts, which help the bit to shave off the product.Get free tutorials, special deals every week! Sign up for fresh nail inspo & exclusive discounts delivered right to your inbox. The great thing about ceramic coated bits is that they don’t heat up in the same manner as other bits, due to the nature of the ceramic bit. They are not to be used on the natural nail. Carbide bits are a great tool for advanced users and are ideal for removing acrylics. Shallower flutes commonly indicate a finer bit. Dip and large flutes give you coarse grit. The grid scale is determent by the flutes on the bit. These cuts enable the carbide bit to shave the enhancement product off and not scratching it like the diamond bits. They have flute-like cuts on the carbide bit. The carbide bits are meant to be long-lasting. The carbide bits are made of carbide metal (which is 20 times stronger than steel). $) Open search Open account page Open cart $) South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands (GBP The tracker maintains a list of the clients that are currently connected to the network, along with information about the files they are sharing and downloading. Last Updated: 11 December, 2022, EST What is a torrent tracker?Ī torrent tracker is a server that tracks the status of clients participating in a BitTorrent file-sharing network. How to tell if a pirate bay download is safe.How do I upload files to the Pirate Bay.How to learn more about the Pirate Bay.How do I access the Facebook page of the Pirate Bay.Using a VPN to Minimize the Risks of Torrenting.(I can't seed 24/7, do your part and seed to keep the torrent healthy). If this is working fine for you let us know write a comment. (If your mod-chip, or Ps2 doesn't support DVD+R).Īny Problems or questions please post a comment. Using any other media might not work at all. Use Verbatim Or use Tayio Yuden DVD+R or DVD-R Media for best quality. * All-new grotesque monsters, from terrifying flying creatures to mutated animals.īurn with DVD Decrypter, (Included in download). * New weapons, including a sub-machine gun, sword and flame-thrower. * New areas to explore within the town of Silent Hill, including the Amusement * Series trademark graphics are further enhanced with even more unbelievable First female lead character in the Silent Hill series. With enhanced graphics detail, a more complex storyline, and even more grotesque monsters than the previous games, Silent Hill 3 promises to be the best horror adventure ever. Silent Hill 3 continues the series' trademark brand of psychological horror and terrifying gameplay.Īs a teenage girl named Heather, players must explore and unravel the mysterious connection between the god-forsaken town, her past, and her inner fears. SH3 is the latest installment of Konami's smash hit horror franchise for the PlayStation 2. Silent Hill 3 delivers awesome motion capture technology graphics by Konami, giving the level of gameplay much more realism for the PS2. Note: If fmcb isn't working and your Ps2 isn't Modded, Swap Magic should do the You will still need to use the proper media for the game to run or load properly regardless if your using fmcb, a modded ps2, or swap magic. Then use the ESR through fmcb after you installed everything to boot your game. Then you will also need to patch the iso (the PS2 game) with ESR disc patcher GUI v0.24a if your using free mc boot with ESR Elf to boot your p2 copies or backups (No-swapping required for esr method).Īfter patching burn the iso with Imgburn or Dvd Decrypter to respectable media Free Mc Boot won't work on newer models of ps2 you'll have to use an older version the tutorial explains this. Those that don't have a modded Ps2 Here's a few links for Free MC Boot & how to use it to soft mod your ps2 so you can be able to play burned games. Here's a link for how to remove the front cover.Īnd here's some links on using the slide tool to open the tray to swap in your ps2 copy or backup game. Remove the front cover of the disc tray for use of the slide card. If your using swap magic and don't have a flip top, you'll need to first There are ps2 emulators but its not 100% & the quality isn't as good as playing your game on your ps2 console. You could try the homebrew exploit to (Free Mc Boot - Also known as soft modding for ps2), if your ps2 system isn't hard modded with a chip or if Swap Magic isn't working as a last resort. Try 7zip its free google it, if don't have WinRar. Requirements: Modded/Chipped Ps2 or Swap Magic Disc Method.Ĭompressed with WinRar, game was tested and works. Tubemate Video Downloader chrome extension is the best extension you can install on your browser because now you have to never copy & paste the link and follow other steps. Get the chrome extension to download videos from any popular website Free from privacy concerns! - we strictly have a policy of not collecting any information about you.Faster downloading in comparison to other websites. No spammy ads and pop-ups like other websites.Well, there are many reasons but let's talk about big ones. Why everyone and you should use Savethevideo Yes, it is legal to download any video you want from Savethevideo until and unless you use it for some commercial purpose because in that case, you may cause a copyright strike on your downloaded content. Is it legal to download videos from Savethevideo Now, just choose the format and the video will start downloading on any device.Paste the link in the Savethevideo input bar and click on the download icon.For doing that just click on the share button and copy the link. Steps to download any video from supported sites If you need a chrome extension for ok.ru we have for you a Tubemate video downloader chrome extension below. Ok.ru is like the Facebook of Russia it has many great features but lacks the video downloading feature so for that purpose you can copy the share link of any ok.ru video and paste it on our website to download it. Now, Just click on the download click and choose the appropriate format. Copy the share link and paste in the input bar. Douyin (Chinese TikTok) Video Downloaderĭouyin is TikTok of china so we allow video downloading from that website as well in just to steps. You can download videos from likee app or website by just copying the share link and pasting it on the input bar. TikTok biggest competitor is very popular so we allow saving videos from this website as well. You can install the Tubemate chrome extension mentioned below if you want to download these videos using a chrome extension. So, due to this reason, we allow downloading videos in multiple formats from DailyMotion. Well, it is the responsibility of Savethevideo to allow its users to download videos from the world's second most popular video-sharing website. INSTALL CHROME EXTENSION Dailymotion Video Downloader I am also excluding it out as a feature because It has both a firefox and chrome extension using which you can just click on download and the video will download no more copy and paste technique required. Yes, you can download videos from Twitter using our website but for not just that I am telling. So, no matter what you use you will be able to download music and audio from the above-mentioned sites using Savethevideo.Īlso, If you need a chrome extension for downloading music and audio there is Tubemate I have mentioned it below install it and now you just have to click on the extension icon to download any audio. You can download music and audio from these platforms website or app. Music Downloaderĭownload music and audio from TikTok, TED, Soundcloud, Bandcamp, and Reddit. Savethevideo allows you to download videos and music from a huge variety of social media platforms and websites which is a game-changer for users because it allows them to come to a single page for all of there video downloading needs and problems. Savethevideo supports a lot of websites including sites like Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, likee, Instagram, Kawai and a lot more. It was happening with me also and that why we build savthevideo so that not just me but everyone can safely download videos from any popular website or app in a single click. Whenever you see a watch an amazing video on any website you always thought to save it but most probably the website will not allow you do it because it is the loss of there traffic and now you have to start searching from where you can download the video and even after that you will find a spammy website with full of ads just craving for your single click. Save the video is Online Video Downloader GET VLLO HERE There’s multiple different pricing options for VLLO Video Editing App #3: LumaFusion If you’re going to be creating videos that are longer form or if you’re looking for more advanced features, then the next options might suit you a little better. Overall, CapCut is one of the best video editing apps for short, simple edits. CapCut’s background removal tool is really cool PRO TIP: Check out our Complete CapCut Tutorial to get a full rundown of these features. An AI caption generator to automatically add captions to your videos.Video stabilization to improve any shaky video footage.A really powerful background remover to cut you out of your background.CapCut has some great video effectsĪs well as the basic video editing tools you’d expect, some of CapCut’s standout features are: But there’s also plenty of great tools for creating regular videos as well. So there are heaps of effects and filters in there to help you create awesome TikTok videos and other similar short videos. TRY CAPCUT NOW VN Video Editor & CapCut are similar in a lot of waysĬapCut is owned by ByteDance which is the same company that owns TikTok. But CapCut was the overall winner because of everything that’s included in the app and the overall editing experience. VN Video Editor does have some more advanced export settings. They’ve both got a lot of controls, filters and video effects to help you create amazing videos. They’re both really easy to use, intuitive and fast to edit in. This was probably the toughest call in the shortlist because CapCut and VN Video Editor are really similar video editing apps. CapCut is an awesome free video editing app Video Editing App #1: CapCutĬapCut is an amazing, free video editing app for iPhone, iPad, Android and there is even a desktop version for Mac & Windows now as well. They are:īefore we announce the best video editing app for 2023, let’s take a look at each of these options in a little more detail. We tried and tested all the leading options and narrowed it down to a shortlist of the top four video editing apps for iPhone & iPad right now. Stick around to find out the best video editing app for iPhone and iPad users in 2023! Shortlist Of Best Video Editing Apps For iPhone & iPad We’ll include what’s changed since our last roundup in 2022 and share a review of the leading video editing apps for iPhone right now. There’s a great video editor for every budget and skill level. We’ve narrowed it down to just four options including everything from the best FREE iPhone video editing app right up to more professional and advanced options. Important: When available, we use affiliate links and may earn a commission! RELATED: Albert Pujols Passes Alex Rodriguez With Home Run No. That’s not to discredit some of the power hitters that came before the Statcast era, but it’s certainly a luxury we get to enjoy today. While we have been projecting the distance of home runs for decades, there’s no confirming the legitimacy or accuracy of them prior to the 2015 season. According to the MLB, the distance is calculated by ‘finding the parabolic arc of the baseball and projecting the remainder of its flight path.’ The introduction of Statcast in all 30 ballparks in 2015 – they did a test run in 2014 – improved the accuracy of home run distance projections. This new state-of-the-art technology allows for greater analysis of the game. Cron, hit a home run that traveled 504 feet at Coors Field – one of the longest home runs since 2015, when the MLB entered the Statcast era. On September 9th, Colorado Rockies’ first baseman, C.J. Cron Hits Second-Longest Home Run in Statcast Era Here Are Some of the Other Longest Home Runs Since 2015 Do you think we’ll see another team achieve this unlikely stat in the near future? I’d like to think so. The other offenses that score at a high rate include the Atlanta Braves (4.76 runs per game), San Francisco Giants (4.69 runs per game), and New York Mets (4.66 runs per game). YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: 30 of the Best Moments From MLB’s All-Star Week I wouldn’t be surprised if either of those two teams come close to scoring 25 runs in a game this season – it can happen! The only two teams scoring at a higher rate are the Los Angeles Dodgers, who score 5.14 runs per game, and the New York Yankees, who score 5.36 runs per game. As it stands right now, they rank third in the entire MLB with 4.88 runs scored per game – their offense is explosive. While it’s not easy and obviously doesn’t happen often – just 20 MLB teams have done it since 1900 – it makes sense that it was the Toronto Blue Jays who achieved it. Travis Metcalf and Marlon Byrd also hit home runs. Jarrod Saltalamacchia and Ramon Vazquez stole the show, combining for eight hits, four home runs, nine runs scored, and 14 runs batted in. The Rangers finished the game with 29 hits, including a team-high five hits from David Murphy. The Rangers had just a 5-3 lead after the fifth inning, but scored nine runs in the sixth inning, 10 runs in the eighth, and six runs in the ninth inning. On August 22, 2007, the Texas Rangers defeated the Baltimore Orioles 30-3 in what was the most runs scored by a team since 1900. 1tVC4a45D4- Fifth Quarter Stats August 22, 2020 On this day in sports history, The Texas Rangers defeated the Baltimore Orioles 30-3, scoring the most runs by a team in modern MLB history (1900).Īll 10 players Texas sent to the plate had at least 1 hit and 1 run scored (Game 1 of a DH). Let’s take a look at the other 19 MLB teams to score at least 25 runs since 1900. Every starting batter had at least two hits and they scored in every inning except the seventh and eighth. Let’s not forget about Kevin Gausman, who pitched five innings and struck out 10 batters.Īll in all, the Blue Jays tallied 29 hits in the win and five home runs – including two from Jansen. Raimel Tapia, Alejandro Kirk, Bo Bichette, Matt Chapman, Teoscar Hernandez, and Danny Jansen chipped in with three hits each – with Tapia and Jansen each adding six runs batted in. stole the show with six hits and five RBIs. When MLB teams put on a performance like the Blue Jays did last weekend, the first thing I look at is the stat sheet – there has to be some crazy stat lines in there and that’s exactly what we got on Friday. RELATED: MLB Teams Likely to Get 100 Losses This Year: YIKES MLB Teams to Score 25 or More Runs Since 1900 Conor P. Their 28 runs is tied for the fifth-most in MLB history, but it was the most runs scored in Blue Jays’ history and there were several other franchise records broken that night. In doing so, they joined an exclusive list of just 20 MLB teams to record at least 25 runs in a game since 1900. The Blue Jays already had a 3-0 lead after the second inning, but put up a seven-run effort in the third inning, a four-run effort in the fourth, a massive 11-run effort in the fifth, a two-run effort in the sixth, and the historic 28th run in the top of the ninth inning. It was a 28-5 victory for the Blue Jays and it came against a divisional opponent in the Boston Red Sox – a truly historic day in baseball. The Toronto Blue Jays made history last Friday when they became one of the few MLB teams to ever score more than 25 runs in a single game. It also set the scene for American popular music over the last century. This made people ready to hear and write the jazz that came afterwards. It is not quite jazz, but is certainly where a lot of the ideas for jazz came from.) (Ragtime is a mixture of Black American folk music and classical music. In fact he is often called the ‘King of Ragtime’. He was the greatest composer of ‘ragtime’.The player piano then reads the roll and plays itself! ( See below for a picture of a player piano.) Some interesting facts: This paper is fed into a special piano called a player piano. A piano roll is a roll of paper with holes in it. This is recorded from piano rolls-Scott Joplin did not actually make any recordings. Saint Michaels Cemetery, East Elmhurst, Queens County, New York, USA. You may find yourself frequently asking, "Is that my phone?" because you don't remember the ringtone, but your kids will be enriched.1st April 1917 in New York, New York, USA. When the phone rings, ask your kids who the composer is or facts about the composer. Meet the Composer Job Application Worksheetĭownload the first movement from Scott Joplin's The Entertainer or Maple Leaf Rag as your cell phone's new ringtone. Hey Kids, Meet the Composer Worksheets (Famous Composers) The Entertainer Easy Trombone Solo Sheet Music The Entertainer Easy Alto Saxophone Sheet Music The Entertainer Easy Clarinet Sheet Music The Entertainer Easy/Intermediate Guitar Sheet Music (TAB)īeginner and Easy Band/Orchestra Instrument Sheet Music Maple Leaf Rag Easy Guitar Sheet Music (TAB) The Entertainer Easy Guitar Sheet Music (TAB) The Entertainer | Easy Piano Lesson for Kids Maple Leaf Rag | Easy Piano Lesson for Kids Maple Leaf Rag for Easy/Level 3 Piano Solo - Play and Learn™Įasy Winners Easy/Level 3 Piano Sheet MusicĮasy Winners for Easy/Level 3 Piano Solo - Play and Learn™ Maple Leaf Rag Easy/Level 3 Piano Sheet Music The Entertainer for Intermediate/Level 5 Piano Solo - Play and Learn™ The Entertainer Easy/Level 5 Piano Sheet Music The Entertainer for Easy/Level 3 Piano Solo - Play and Learn™ The Entertainer Easy/Level 3 Piano Sheet Music The Entertainer Beginner/Level 1 Piano Sheet Music Ask your child's music teacher about including the study of Joplin's music in their music lesson. Learn about Scott Joplin with our famous composer sheet music, worksheets, and online lessons.Īppreciating the talent of a famous composer is never richer than when you're playing their music. Scott Joplin Sheet Music, Worksheets, and Lessons Does Maple Leaf Rag sound more like classical music or jazz? (The syncopated rhythms and stride-style piano makes ragtime more closely related to jazz.) Ragtime is an American musical style that predates jazz, but comes after the classical music era. The following question will help to guide their critique. Then ask your child to complete the project by watching and describing a recorded performance of Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag. Write a few paragraphs on Scott Joplin that includes facts about his life and music. Print the FREE Meet Scott Joplin | Composer Study Guide to drill the facts. It's perfect for K-3 students, providing a summary of his remarkable achievements. Learn about Scott Joplin with this popsicle stick theater production from the Academy. His parents gave Scott a basic musical education, and at seven years old he began teaching himself to play the piano while his mother cleaned houses. His father played the violin at parties in North Carolina and his mother sang and played the banjo. Texas is the home of long horn steer, BBQ, and everything big! Both of Scott Joplin's parents were musicians. Joplin was born in Texarkana, Texas around 1868, and was one of six kids. Scott Joplin (1867 or 1868-1917) American Musician and Composer Scott Joplin | Hey Kids, Meet the Composer Biography If you are a beginner with acrylic pour painting or are looking for a complete set to get started in this technique, then the acrylic pouring paint set by U.S Art Supply would be a brilliant choice. You can also use an Acrylic Pouring set, which already contains the pouring medium and the acrylic paints.īest Acrylic Pouring Kit – U.S ART SUPPLY Acrylic Pouring Paint Set There are unbelievably diverse possibilities, starting from the color combinations, different acrylic paints from different manufacturers, as well as various additives and of course the techniques. The result is an individual work of art that can hardly be reproduced again. This depends on the pouring technique and your own taste. Then this color mixture is poured onto the painting base, tilted or emptied. The consistency must be such that it flows well but is not too thin. The acrylic paint is mixed with the pouring medium and provided with further additives such as silicone oil. Depending on your needs, you can add further additives such as silicone oil for cell formation and a few auxiliaries and tools. The main components for acrylic pour painting are, besides the acrylic paint and a Pouring Medium, of course a painting ground. Fun without end: What acrylic pour painting offers, above all else: The high fun factor! It is simply unbelievable fun to mix the different acrylic paints and to create a small work of art without much effort.Also for busy people: You don’t have to invest half a day for an acrylic pouring artwork, as you can pour a complete painting in half an hour.Little material needed: You only need a small number of supplies to start pouring acrylic.From small to large everyone can indulge in this hobby. Suitable for beginners: For the acrylic flow technique you don’t need any previous drawing or painting skills.This relatively new art form, which has its origin in the USA and is also finding more and more followers in the rest of the world, is simply brilliant. 21.3 Do you need Silicone Oil for Acrylic Pouring?.21.2 How to Seal your Acrylic Pour Painting?.21.1 What Paint to Use for Pour Painting?.19 Recommended Books for your Start into Acrylic Pouring.17 Preparation Work for Your Pour Painting.16 The Best Painting Grounds for Acrylic Pouring.15 The Secret of Many, Big Cells in Your Pour Paintings.12 The Most Important Factor: The best Pouring Medium. 10 Best Alternative Pouring Medium – FLOOD Latex Paint Conditioner.8 Best Affordable Pouring Medium – U.S ART SUPPLY Pouring Effects Medium.7.2 Best Price/Performance Pouring Medium – DECOART Pouring Medium.7.1 Best Acrylic Pouring Medium – LIQUITEX Pouring Medium.6 The Pouring Medium as an important factor.4 Best Acrylic Pouring Kit – U.S ART SUPPLY Acrylic Pouring Paint Set. How did invasive snakeheads get into the Potomac River?īased on genetic evidence, we believe the fish were repeatedly introduced into the Anacostia River. We spoke with Joseph Love, a fisheries biologist with Maryland's Department of Natural Resources who has studied snakeheads in the region. On May 21, Maryland will host a snakehead fishing "derby" to raise awareness about the invader and encourage the public to be vigilant. State and federal laws also now prohibit keeping or transport of live snakeheads. State officials are working with fishermen to keep the population in check and try to prevent it from spreading even farther. Now they pose a risk to the embattled wildlife of the continent's largest estuary, but people are fighting back. The invasive species were imported legally from Asia for the aquarium and seafood trades until 2004. Growing up to 18 pounds (8 kilograms) and three feet (one meter) long, the "Frankenfish" keep spreading they have recently been found above Great Falls in the C&O Canal (north of Washington, D.C.), as well as in the upper Chesapeake Bay. The northern snakehead has established itself firmly in the Potomac River system, with a population estimated at somewhere above 21,000 individuals, ranging through more than 120 river miles (200 kilometers). Since then, those fears have proven to be only partially correct. People feared the big, voracious Asian fish would gobble up native species and take over local waterways. When snakeheads were first discovered in a pond in Maryland in 2002, the public panicked. This classification is straightforward however, it must be noted that their description of zone two is a slight mis-representation of the true Jones fracture as described by Stewart. Zone three or diaphyseal stress fractures include the proximal 1.5 cm of the diaphysis. Zone two (Jones fracture) is described as a fracture at the metaphysis-diaphyseal junction. Tuberosity avulsion fractures represent zone one (Figure (Figure3 3). Proximal fifth metatarsal fractures can be classified into three zones as described by Lawrence et al and Dameron. As a result, proximal fifth metatarsal fractures were re-classified to avoid the confusing term of Jones fractures. Although the term Jones fracture was applied to the fractures in this classification, based on Torg’s description these fractures are more consistent with stress fractures. Type III (nonunion) are characterized by complete obliteration of the medullary canal by sclerotic bone with a history of repetitive trauma and recurrent symptoms (Figure (Figure2 2). Type II (delayed union) are distinguished by having a previous injury or fracture with radiographic features of a widened fracture line and evidence of intramedullary sclerosis (Figure (Figure1 1). Torg type I fractures are presumed to be acute fractures at a site of pre-existing stress concentration on the lateral cortex that becomes acutely disabling when they extend across the entire diaphysis. The features of acute fractures in this classification are no history of previous fracture, although previous pain or discomfort may be present. Type I (acute) fractures are characterized by a narrow fracture line and an absence of intramedullary sclerosis. Under this system the Jones fracture is divided into three types based on the radiological appearance of the fracture. This classification simplifies proximal fifth metatarsal fractures as either involving the tuberosity or the proximal diaphysis distal to the tuberosity, the latter group being called the Jones fracture. A classification system created by Torg et al is based on healing potential. A watershed area exists between the supply of the nutrient artery and the metaphyseal perforators which corresponds to the area of poor fracture healing in the clinical setting. They found that the blood supply arises from three possible sources the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal perforators, and the periosteal arteries. The blood supply of the fifth metatarsal was investigated in a cadaver model by Smith et al. The blood supply to the proximal fifth metatarsal is important in understanding troublesome fracture healing in this area. Since then there has been a focus in the literature on fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal due to the propensity for poor healing of some fractures in this region. The Jones fracture as described by Sir Robert Jones was later defined by Stewart as a transverse fracture at the junction of the diaphysis and metaphysis without extension into the fourth and fifth intermetatarsal articulation. He described a fracture in the proximal three quarter segment of the shaft distal to the styloid. The first to describe a fracture of the proximal fifth metatarsal was Sir Robert Jones. Symptomatic nonunions of zone two and zone three fractures should be managed operatively. In the non-athlete these fractures may be managed nonoperatively however prolonged immobilization is often required and a nonunion may still result. Zone three (diaphyseal stress fractures) fractures that are Torg type I and type II should be managed with intramedullary screw fixation in the athlete. Acute and delayed union zone two fractures may be managed nonoperatively but operative management with an intramedullary screw should be considered in athletes. Operative intervention is recommended for base of the fifth metatarsal avulsion fractures (zone one) with more than three millimeters of displacement. Neck and shaft fractures with greater than ten degrees plantar angulation or three millimeters of displacement in any plane where closed reduction is insufficient require operative management. When nonoperative management is utilized improved early functional scores are associated with less rigid immobilization and a shorter period of nonweightbearing. Core tip: Nondisplaced fifth metatarsal fractures can be treated nonoperatively depending on fracture location and patient factors. |
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